Articles | Volume 90, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-39-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-39-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
140 years ago: the German station at South Georgia (South Atlantic) of the First International Polar Year (1882–1883)
Cornelia Lüdecke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for History of Science and Technology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Related authors
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 92, 15–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-92-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-92-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fritz Loewe beschreibt in seinem letzten nicht mehr gehaltenen Vortrag, wie er als begeisterter Bergsteiger und Meteorologe begann, Gletscher zu erforschen. Wichtige Stationen waren das Jungfraujoch, die Teilnahme an Wegeners Grönlandexpeditionen (1929, 1930-31), die Überwinterung auf der französischen Antarktisstation (1951-52), die Nanga Parbat Region (1958), sowie der mehrfache Besuch Grönlands in den 1960er Jahren. Eine einleitende Biographie liefert den Hintergrund für Loewes Aktivitäten.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 63–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In his diary, the carpenter Wilhelm Heinrich described the emerging tensions between some scientists, the ship's management and the sailors during the voyage of the second German Antarctic Expedition (1911) to Buenos Aires. Together with three additional travel accounts, a vivid picture of social conditions during the first leg of the voyage aboard the
Deutschlandemerges for the first time, about which Filchner's official voyage report says little.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 21–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Der Bericht beschreibt die Entdeckungsgeschichte der Antarktis seit dem 16. Jahrhundert, die von der Gründung der History of Antarctic Research Action Group innerhalb des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research im Jahr 2004 gefolgt wird. 2011 zur Expert Group aufgewertet, ging die EG 2018 schließlich im Standing Committee on Humanities and Social Sciences auf. Es wird gezeigt, wie eine internationale Gruppe zusammenwächst, um die Geschichte der Antarktisforschung erfolgreich zu behandeln.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 15–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-15-2023, 2023
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 9–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-9-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-9-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 11–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-11-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-11-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 7–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-7-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-7-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 101–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-101-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-101-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 103–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-103-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 107–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-107-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the 18th Meeting of Latin American Antarctic Historians (Encuentro de Historiadores Antárticos Latinoamericanos) in San Esteban, Chile, 5–7 September 2018, a European representative of Antarctic history was invited for the first time to provide a new perspective on the research topic. The lectures dealt mostly with South American aspects of Antarctic history, complemented by book presentations and reminiscences from overwinterers at the Chilean station Base O'Higgins.
St. Rochder Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 99–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-99-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-99-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 65–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-65-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-65-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The History of Polar Research working group not only examines advances in the disciplines represented in polar research or technical developments in expedition logistics, but also the various national and international research co-operations and the steps towards institutionalising polar research. Due to the broad spectrum of research, polar history is considered in a political, economic and cultural or even biographical context. The group presents its results on polar conferences.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 93–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-93-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-93-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lecture manuscripts of the meteorologist Heinrich von Ficker (1881–1957), who taught in Graz, Berlin and Vienna, are now accessible in the archive of the Humboldt University in Berlin. Among other things, they deal with high mountain research in the Alai-Pamir region more than 100 years ago. This article provides an insight into these manuscripts.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 97–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-97-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-97-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 92, 15–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-92-15-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-92-15-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fritz Loewe beschreibt in seinem letzten nicht mehr gehaltenen Vortrag, wie er als begeisterter Bergsteiger und Meteorologe begann, Gletscher zu erforschen. Wichtige Stationen waren das Jungfraujoch, die Teilnahme an Wegeners Grönlandexpeditionen (1929, 1930-31), die Überwinterung auf der französischen Antarktisstation (1951-52), die Nanga Parbat Region (1958), sowie der mehrfache Besuch Grönlands in den 1960er Jahren. Eine einleitende Biographie liefert den Hintergrund für Loewes Aktivitäten.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 63–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In his diary, the carpenter Wilhelm Heinrich described the emerging tensions between some scientists, the ship's management and the sailors during the voyage of the second German Antarctic Expedition (1911) to Buenos Aires. Together with three additional travel accounts, a vivid picture of social conditions during the first leg of the voyage aboard the
Deutschlandemerges for the first time, about which Filchner's official voyage report says little.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 21–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Der Bericht beschreibt die Entdeckungsgeschichte der Antarktis seit dem 16. Jahrhundert, die von der Gründung der History of Antarctic Research Action Group innerhalb des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research im Jahr 2004 gefolgt wird. 2011 zur Expert Group aufgewertet, ging die EG 2018 schließlich im Standing Committee on Humanities and Social Sciences auf. Es wird gezeigt, wie eine internationale Gruppe zusammenwächst, um die Geschichte der Antarktisforschung erfolgreich zu behandeln.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 15–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-15-2023, 2023
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 9–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-9-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-9-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 11–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-11-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-11-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 90, 7–8, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-7-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-7-2022, 2022
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 101–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-101-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-101-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 103–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-103-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 107–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-107-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
During the 18th Meeting of Latin American Antarctic Historians (Encuentro de Historiadores Antárticos Latinoamericanos) in San Esteban, Chile, 5–7 September 2018, a European representative of Antarctic history was invited for the first time to provide a new perspective on the research topic. The lectures dealt mostly with South American aspects of Antarctic history, complemented by book presentations and reminiscences from overwinterers at the Chilean station Base O'Higgins.
St. Rochder Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 99–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-99-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-99-2021, 2021
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 65–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-65-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-65-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The History of Polar Research working group not only examines advances in the disciplines represented in polar research or technical developments in expedition logistics, but also the various national and international research co-operations and the steps towards institutionalising polar research. Due to the broad spectrum of research, polar history is considered in a political, economic and cultural or even biographical context. The group presents its results on polar conferences.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 93–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-93-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-93-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Lecture manuscripts of the meteorologist Heinrich von Ficker (1881–1957), who taught in Graz, Berlin and Vienna, are now accessible in the archive of the Humboldt University in Berlin. Among other things, they deal with high mountain research in the Alai-Pamir region more than 100 years ago. This article provides an insight into these manuscripts.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 89, 97–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-97-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-89-97-2021, 2021
Related subject area
History and social sciences
Georg Neumayers Bemühungen um Kooperation mit Forschungseinrichtungen des Potsdamer Telegraphenberges
Ausreise nach dem südlichen Eismeer: Wilhelm Heinrichs Erlebnisse als Zimmermann auf Filchners Deutschland im Jahr 1911
Über die Entdeckung der Antarktis und die Institutionalisierung der Geschichte der Antarktisforschung in SCAR
In memoriam Bruno Penguin Zehnder, 1945–1997, the famous Antarctic Photographer
Conference review: On melting ground. Arctic Archaeology
Advent City: die Rekonstruktion einer untergegangenen Siedlung in der virtuellen Realität
Politikwissenschaftliche Polarforschung
60 years of the Antarctic Treaty – history and celebration in radio waves
Hans-Jürgen Paech, Diedrich Fritzsche, Hartwig Gernandt, and Conrad Kopsch
Polarforschung, 91, 81–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-81-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-81-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Als Georg Neumayer zum Hydrographen bei der neu gegründeten Kaiserlichen Admiralität berufen worden war, hatte er schon Kontakt zu Wilhelm Foerster, der maßgeblich die Gründung von wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen auf dem Potsdamer Telegraphenberg betrieb. Der Kontakt war anfangs sehr eng, wegen anderer Aufgaben Neumayers schränkten sich die Mögllchkeiten der Zusammenarbeit etwas ein.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 63–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-63-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In his diary, the carpenter Wilhelm Heinrich described the emerging tensions between some scientists, the ship's management and the sailors during the voyage of the second German Antarctic Expedition (1911) to Buenos Aires. Together with three additional travel accounts, a vivid picture of social conditions during the first leg of the voyage aboard the
Deutschlandemerges for the first time, about which Filchner's official voyage report says little.
Cornelia Lüdecke
Polarforschung, 91, 21–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Der Bericht beschreibt die Entdeckungsgeschichte der Antarktis seit dem 16. Jahrhundert, die von der Gründung der History of Antarctic Research Action Group innerhalb des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research im Jahr 2004 gefolgt wird. 2011 zur Expert Group aufgewertet, ging die EG 2018 schließlich im Standing Committee on Humanities and Social Sciences auf. Es wird gezeigt, wie eine internationale Gruppe zusammenwächst, um die Geschichte der Antarktisforschung erfolgreich zu behandeln.
Volker Strecke
Polarforschung, 91, 5–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-5-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-5-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of his death, this article is intended to honor the life and work of Bruno Penguin Zehnder, a world-renowned photographer.
Anlässlich seines 25. Todestages soll mit diesem Artikel das Leben und Schaffen von Bruno Penguin Zehnder, einem weltweit bekannten Fotografen, gewürdigt werden.
Sara Ingrid Brenøe
Polarforschung, 91, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-91-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A conference was organised to prepare for an exhibition raising awareness of climate change, its consequences in the Arctic, and how much cultural heritage will be lost unless people start to act. An important issue debated was how to present Arctic people. It was argued that the balance between presenting Arctic people as resilient and stressing the current climate situation's seriousness and the big changes it brings to the ways of life and loss of heritage should be central to the exhibition.
Matthias Lang, Philippe Kluge, Frigga Kruse, and Vinzenz Rosenkranz
Polarforschung, 90, 49–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-49-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-49-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes the development of a virtual reality environment of the British mining settlement Advent City on Svalbard based on historical and archaeological sources. In our paper we will discuss in detail the genesis of the 3D model as well as the virtual reality environment and afterwards discuss the benefit of such a digital world for disseminating the results of polar archaeological research to students and teachers at schools and universities and the interested public.
Mathias Albert, Hannes Hansen-Magnusson, and Christoph Humrich
Polarforschung, 90, 45–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-45-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-45-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This short contribution provides describes the increased interest in the polar research within the German-speaking political science community and suggests an agenda for cross-disciplinary collaboration between natural and social sciences.
Volker Strecke
Polarforschung, 90, 13–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-13-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-90-13-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The international Antarctic Treaty, successfully negotiated and signed in 1959, entered into force after ratification by the 12 original signatory countries in 1961. Under the Antarctic Treaty, research activities are now carried out in Antarctica by 54 countries.
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Antarctic Treaty, a major international radio activity was launched in the second half of 2021 with which an important contribution to communication to the public was made.
Cited articles
Annalen: Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorologie, 1, Table 3,
1883.
Auwers, A. V.: Die Venusdurchgänge 1874 und 1882, Bd. 3, Die
Beobachtungen der Expeditionen von 1882, Reichsdruckerei, Berlin, 1888.
Barr, W.: The expeditions of the First International Polar Year, 1882–83,
Arctic Institute of North America, Calgary, 2008.
Barr, S. and Lüdecke, C.: South Georgia, in: The History of the International Polar Years (IPYs), edited by: Barr, S. and Lüdecke, C., From
Pole to Pole, Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 54–58, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12402-0_3, 2010.
Bucher, G.: Die Spur des Abendsterns: die abenteuerliche Erforschung des
Venustransit, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 2011.
Filchner, W.: Zum sechsten Erdteil, Ullstein, Berlin, 1922.
Headland, R. K.: The German Station of the first International Polar Year,
1882–1883 at South Georgia, Falkland Island Dependencies, Polar Rec., 21,
287–301, 1982.
Headland, R.: The Island of South Georgia, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1984.
IPHC: International Polar Heritage Committee, http://iphc.icomos.org/, last access: 4 October 2022.
Kretzer, H.-J. und Krause, R. A.: Station der Deutschen Polar-Kommission in
Süd-Georgien, Royal Bay, 1882–83, POLLICHIA-Sonderveröffentlichung
Nr. 11, Eigenverlag der POLLICHIA, Bad Dürkheim, 2007.
Müller, J.: Süd-Georgien. Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen
Meteorologie, Tafel 8, 1912.
Neumayer, G. (Ed.): Die internationale Polarforschung 1882–1883. Die
deutschen Expeditionen und ihre Ergebnisse, Bd. 2, Beschreibende
Naturwissenschaften, Asher, Berlin, 1890.
Neumayer, G. (Ed.): Die internationale Polarforschung 1882–1883. Die
deutschen Expeditionen und ihre Ergebnisse, Bd. 1, Geschichtlicher Theil,
Asher, Berlin, 1891.
Neumayer, G. B. und Börgen, C. N. J.: Die Beobachtungs-Ergebnisse der
Deutschen Stationen, Vol. 2, Süd-Georgien und das magnetische
Observatorium der kaiserlichen Marine Wilhelmshaven, Asher, Berlin, 1886.
Newcomb, S.: Populäre Astronomie, Bearb. durch Rud. Engelmann,
Engelmann, Leipzig, https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11554996?page=,1 (last access: 26 October 2022), 1881.
Nordenskjöld, O.: Antarctic. Zwei Jahre in Schnee und
Eis am Südpol, Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, Vol. 2, https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6LJCAAAAYAAJ (last access: 26 October 2022), 1904.
Schrader, K.: Private Diary of the members of the German Expedition to South
Georgia 1882 Sept. 20–1883 March 4, in private possession, Oskar
Reinwarth, Ottobrunn. 1883.
SC-HASS: Standing Committee on the Humanities and Social Sciences, https://www.scar.org/science/hass/humanities/, last access:
4 October 2022.
SGHT: South Georgia Heritage Trust, https://sght.org/, last access:
4 October 2022.
Tammiksaar, E., Sukhova N. G., and Lüdecke, C.: International Polar Year
(1882–1883), in: The History of the
International Polar Years (IPYs), edited by: Barr, S. and Lüdecke, C., From Pole to Pole, Vol. 1,
Heidelberg, Springer, Berlin, 7–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12402-0_2, 2010.
Short summary
During the First International Polar Year (1882–1883) Germany set up a meteorological and magnetic station at South Georgia in the South Atlantic, where the transit of Venus in front of the Sun on 6 December 1882 could also be observed. After the return of the expedition the station decayed over the decades. Today only some relics remain. The paper wants to encourage an archeological investigation to learn more about the social life of the station members.
During the First International Polar Year (1882–1883) Germany set up a meteorological and...