Polarforschung
Polarforschung
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Articles | Volume 94
Articles | Volume 94
https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-94-17-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/polf-94-17-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 94
Scientific article
 | 
18 Mar 2026
Scientific article |  | 18 Mar 2026

From fossils to conservation: an overview of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic penguins

Raven Quilestino-Olario

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Latest update: 08 Jun 2026
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Short summary
Penguins have survived for over 60 million years, yet many colonies are now changing rapidly. This overview links fossils, ancient colony remains, and modern surveys to place today’s trends in a long context. Some populations are expanding, but ice-dependent species are at high risk where sea ice breaks up earlier, and food shortages can worsen where fishing overlaps. These results support protecting key breeding and feeding areas, and limiting disturbance and catches in possible warming scenarios.
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